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Aluminium alloys: chinhu chakakosha mumaindasitiri uye chitsauko chitsva mukutanga kwetekinoroji yekushongedza
2024-04-17
Mukukura nekukurumidza kwemaindasitiri emazuva ano, aruminiyamu yave chinhu chakakosha mukuvaka munzvimbo dzakawanda nekuda kwehuremu hwayo hwakasiyana, simba rayo guru uye kuramba kwayo ngura kwakanaka. Kubva kundege dziri kubhururuka mudenga kusvika kumotokari dzinotyaira mumugwagwa, kubva kumidziyo yemakanika yakaoma kusvika kumagetsi emagetsi anoshandiswa zuva nezuva, aruminiyamu anoshandiswa kwese kwese, uye kudiwa kwayo kuri kukura nehupfumi hwemaindasitiri huri kukura. Chinyorwa chino chichatarisa zvakadzama kupatsanurwa uye hunhu hwearuminiyamu alloys uye kufambira mberi kwazvino muhunyanzvi hwekuwelda, zvichiratidza kugona kusingagumi kweiyi alloys yeindasitiri.
Kupatsanura uye hunhu hwearuminiyamu alloys
2.1 Zvakavanzika zvemhando dzakasiyana dzealuminium alloys
Mhando yemhando yealuminium alloy yakafanana neID card. Seri kwenhamba ina kune mhando dzakasiyana dzealloy uye hunhu hwadzo, zvichipa sarudzo dzakasiyana-siyana kumaindasitiri akasiyana:
1XXX series: Inomiririra aruminiyamu yakachena. Kuchena kwayo kwakanyanya kunoita kuti irambe yakachena uye ishande zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera maindasitiri emagetsi nezvekudya. Kuchena kwayo kwakanyanya hakungovimbisi chete kuchena kwezvinhu, asiwo kunoita kuti ikwanise kushandiswa pakurapa nemakemikari uye pakurapa pamusoro.
2XXX series: Kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvemhangura kunovandudza zvakanyanya kuomarara uye kusimba kwemhando iyi yealuminium alloys, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chinodiwa pakushandisa michina yendege. Idzi alloys dzinoshanda zvakanaka mukutsungirira mitoro inorema uye nzvimbo dzekushanda dzakasimba uye zvinhu zvakakosha muindasitiri yendege.
3XXX series: Kubatanidzwa kwechinhu chemanganese kunoita kuti aruminiyamu ikwanise kudzivirira ngura, zvichiita kuti irambe ichishanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzine hunyoro. Zvinhu izvi zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemumba, ma radiator emota uye kushongedza zvivakwa, uye hunhu hwazvo hunodzivirira ngura hunopa vagadziri sarudzo dzakawanda.
4XXX series: Kuwedzerwa kwesilicon element kunowedzera kushanda kwewelding uye kugadzikana kwekupisa kwealuminium alloy, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yekutanga yezvinhu zvekuwelding uye zvikamu zvinodzivirira kupisa. Aya ma alloys anoita basa rakakosha mumainjini emotokari, michina yemakemikari, uye midziyo yekicheni, uye hunhu hwavo hwewelding hwakanaka hunoita kuti indasitiri yekugadzira ive nyore.
5XXX series: Kushandiswa kwemagnesium mukuwedzera simba re magnesium kunoita kuti mhando iyi ye alloys ye aruminiyamu ive yakanaka mukudzivirira ngura uye kuchinjika kwayo. Inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira ngarava nemotokari. Kudzivirira ngura kwezvinhu izvi mugungwa kunoita kuti zvifarirwe muindasitiri yekuvaka ngarava, ukuwo zvichiita basa rakakosha mukuderedza ngura dzemotokari.
6XXX series: Musanganiswa wemagnesium nesilicon unopa iyi series yealuminium alloys hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika uye kugona kushandiswa, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mota nefenicha. Aya ma alloys ane hunhu hwakanaka hwekugadzirisa uye anogona kuchekwa, kugadzirwa uye kusungirirwa zviri nyore, zvichipa vagadziri nemainjiniya nzvimbo yakakura yekugadzira.
7XXX series: Kuwedzerwa kwezinc kunoita kuti simba nekuomarara kwearuminiyamu zvisvike pakakwirira, zvichivabvumira kutamba basa guru munhandare dzendege nemauto. Aya aruminiyamu ane simba guru akakosha mukushandiswa kunoda kushanda kwakanyanya, senge ndege dzinomhanya zvakanyanya uye zvivakwa zvemakanika zvine mutoro wakawanda.
2.2 Mutauro wechimiro chealuminium alloy
Chiratidzo chechimiro chealuminium alloy chakafanana nemutauro wakavanzika, unotsanangura nhoroondo yekurapa kupisa uye kugadziriswa kwezvinhu, uchipa gwara rakarurama rekushanda nekushandiswa kwezvinhu:
F state: mamiriro ekutanga ekugadzirisa, pasina kuveza zvakanyanya, kuchengetedza hunhu hwepakutanga hwechinhu chacho, chakakodzera zviitiko apo zvinodiwa pakushanda hazvisi zvakanyanya kukwira.
O mamiriro: Nyoro mushure mekunamirwa, semwana achangoberekwa, ine purasitiki yepamusoro, yakakodzera kushandiswa kunoda kugadziriswa zvakadzama, sekukombama, kutambanudza uye kugadzira.
W mamiriro: Kuchembera kwechisikigo mushure mekurapwa kwemushonga, kunova kuchinja kwekushanduka kwekushanda uye kunoita kuti chinhu chacho chigadzikane. Chakakodzera kushandiswa kunoda simba rakati asi chisingade kuoma zvakanyanya uye kuputsika.
H mamiriro: Muenzaniso wekuomesa basa. Madhigirii akasiyana ekugadzirisa kuomarara anoita kuti chinhu chacho chive chakagadzirirwa iwe pachako uye chakakodzera kushandiswa kunoda simba rakasiyana uye kuomarara, senge zvikamu zvakanyatsonaka uye zvikamu zvechimiro.
T mamiriro: Chakavanzika chikuru chekurapa kupisa, kuburikidza nekudzora kwakaringana, chinosvika padanho repamusoro rekushanda kwezvinhu. Chakakodzera zviitiko zvine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekushanda, zvakaita sendege nemidziyo yehondo.
Kugadzira tekinoroji yekubatanidza aruminiyamu ne alloy
Tekinoroji yekuwedera nearuminiyamu ibhiriji rinobatanidza indasitiri yemazuva ano. Vakatarisana nematambudziko akadai senzvimbo dzinokanganiswa nekupisa, maburi uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze panguva yekuwedera nearuminiyamu, mainjiniya anoramba achitsvaga nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva kuti vasangane nezvinodiwa zvemaindasitiri zvakanyanya kuomarara uye mashandiro:
3.1 Unyanzvi hwekuwedera
Kubatanidza TIG: Kubatanidza gasi risina simba reTungsten, rine simba rayo rakarurama uye mhedzisiro yekubatanidza yemhando yepamusoro, kwave mumiriri wekubatanidza kwepamusoro-soro. Nzira iyi yekubatanidza inogona kupa simba zvakadzikama pakupisa kwakanyanya, kuve nechokwadi chekusimba uye kunaka kwemajoini akasungirirwa, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzinoda simba remuchadenga.
Kunyungudutsa MIG: Kunyungudutsa gasi risina simba zvakanyanya, nehunyanzvi hwaro hwekuita otomatiki uye kugona kuchinjika kune thick plate welding, kwave kubatsira mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Nzira iyi yekunyungudutsa inoita kuti ikurumidze uye irambe ichishandiswa nekuisa waya yekunyungudutsa, uye yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwemagetsi akawanda uye otomatiki.
Kubatanidza neLaser: Kubatanidza neLaser, ine simba rakawanda uye kudzora kwakanaka kwekubatanidza, inopa mhinduro yakakwana yekusanganisa zvikamu zvakanyatsonaka. Nzira iyi yekubatanidza inogona kupa simba guru munzvimbo diki, kuita kuti zvive zvakanaka uye zvemhando yepamusoro, uye yakakodzera kuminda yekugadzira zvakanyatsonaka senge zvemagetsi nemidziyo yekurapa.
Nzvimbo dzekushandisa dzearuminiyamu alloys
Kushandiswa kwearuminiyamu alloy kwakafanana nemufananidzo une mavara, unoratidzwa muminda yakasiyana-siyana yemaindasitiri:
Indasitiri yendege: Hunhu hwayo hwakareruka uye hwakasimba hwearuminiyamu hunoita kuti ive inonyanya kufarirwa mukugadzirwa kwendege. Kubva kundege dzekutengeserana kusvika kundege dzehondo dzehondo, aruminiyamu inoita basa guru mukuderedza huremu hwechivakwa, kuvandudza mashandiro emafuta uye kuwedzera simba rema airframe.
Indasitiri yemotokari: Mukutsvaga kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemafuta uye kuburitsa utsi hushoma, aruminiyamu alloys inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemotokari. Kubva kuzvikamu zveinjini kusvika kuzvivakwa zvemuviri, kushandiswa kwearuminiyamu alloys kunobatsira kuderedza huremu hwemotokari uye kuvandudza mashandiro uye kuchengetedzeka.
Indasitiri yeKuvaka: Kusagona ngura uye hunhu hwakanaka hwearuminiyamu alloys zvinoita kuti dzive dzakakurumbira mubazi rekuvaka. Ingave ichishandiswa semafuremu emasuo nemahwindo kana masisitimu emadziro emaketeni, alloys earuminiyamu inopa vimbiso yekushanda kwenguva refu uye chitarisiko chakanaka.
Indasitiri yemagetsi: Kugona kwemagetsi kwakanaka uye kudzima kupisa kwearuminiyamu kunoita kuti ive nebasa guru mumidziyo yemagetsi. Kubva pamakesi efoni kusvika kuma radiator emakombiyuta, aruminiyamu akakodzera kuvandudza mashandiro emidziyo uye kuvimbika kwayo.
Mhedziso
Aruminiyamu ine chinzvimbo chisingatsiviwi muindasitiri yemazuva ano ine hunhu hwayo hwakasiyana uye mikana yakawanda yekushandiswa. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yekubatanidza, kugona kwekushandisa aruminiyamu kuchaongororwa zvakanyanya uye kuchaonekwa. Tinotarisira kuti aruminiyamu irambe ichipenya mukuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri mune ramangwana uye ichibatsira zvakanyanya mukufambira mberi kwenharaunda yevanhu.