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Li-alloy tsa aluminium: sesebelisoa se akaretsang sa indasteri le khaolo e ncha selelekela sa theknoloji ea ho tjheseletsa
2024-04-17
Nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea sejoale-joale, motsoako oa aluminium o fetohile thepa ea bohlokoa ea sebopeho masimong a mangata ka lebaka la boima ba oona bo ikhethang bo bobebe, matla a phahameng le ho hanyetsa mafome hantle. Ho tloha lifofaneng tse fofang sepakapakeng ho ea likoloing tse khannang tseleng, ho tloha lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng tsa mechini ho ea ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse sebelisoang letsatsi le letsatsi, metsoako ea aluminium e sebelisoa hohle, 'me tlhoko ea tsona e ntse e hola ka moruo o ntseng o hola oa indasteri. Sengoloa sena se tla sheba ka botebo karohano le thepa ea metsoako ea aluminium le tsoelo-pele ea morao-rao theknolojing ea ho tjheseletsa, e senola bokhoni bo sa lekanyetsoang ba sehlahisoa sena sa indasteri se akaretsang.
Tlhophiso le litšobotsi tsa li-alloy tsa aluminium
2.1 Liphiri tsa li-alloy tse fapaneng tsa aluminium
Sehlopha sa motsoako oa alloy ea aluminium se tšoana le karete ea boitsebiso. Ka mor'a linomoro tse 'ne ho na le metsoako le litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa motsoako, tse fanang ka likhetho tse fapaneng bakeng sa liindasteri tse fapaneng:
Letoto la 1XXX: E emela aluminium e hloekileng. Bohloeki bo phahameng bo li fa polasetiki e ntle le ho tsamaisa motlakase, e leng se etsang hore li be ntle bakeng sa indasteri ea motlakase le ea lijo. Bohloeki ba tsona bo phahameng ha bo tiise feela hore thepa e hloekile, empa hape bo li fa ho tenyetseha haholoanyane kalafong ea lik'hemik'hale le kalafong ea holim'a metsi.
Letoto la 2XXX: Ho eketsoa ha likarolo tsa koporo ho ntlafatsa thata le matla a letoto lena la li-alloy tsa aluminium haholo, e leng se etsang hore e be thepa e ratoang bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa lifofane. Li-alloy tsena li sebetsa hantle ho mamella meroalo e boima le libaka tsa mosebetsi tse matla haholo 'me ke thepa ea bohlokoa ea sebopeho indastering ea lifofane.
Letoto la 3XXX: Ho kenyelletsoa ha karolo ea manganese ho fa motsoako oa aluminium bokhoni bo botle ba ho thibela mafome, e leng se e lumellang ho boloka ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng libakeng tse mongobo. Lisebelisoa tsena li sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, li-radiator tsa likoloi le mekhabiso ea meralo, 'me thepa ea tsona e sa mafomeng e fa baqapi likhetho tse ngata.
Letoto la 4XXX: Ho eketsoa ha karolo ea silicon ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho tjheseletsa le botsitso ba mocheso ba motsoako oa aluminium, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho ea pele bakeng sa thepa ea ho tjheseletsa le likarolo tse hanelang mocheso. Mefuta ena ea ho tjheseletsa e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lienjeneng tsa likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale le lisebelisoa tsa kichine, 'me thepa ea tsona e phahameng ea ho tjheseletsa e tlisa boiketlo indastering ea tlhahiso.
Letoto la 5XXX: Ho sebelisa magnesium ka mokhoa o feteletseng ho etsa hore letoto lena la lialloy tsa aluminium li be ntle haholo ho haneleng mafome le ho tjheseletsa. Li sebelisoa khafetsa tlhahisong ea likepe le likoloi. Ho hanela mafome ha thepa ea metsing ho etsa hore e ratoe indastering ea kaho ea likepe, ha ka nako e ts'oanang ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bebofatseng mafome a likoloi.
Letoto la 6XXX: Motsoako oa magnesium le silicon o fa letoto lena la lialloy tsa aluminium thepa e ntle ea mechini le bokhoni ba ho sebetsa, 'me e sebelisoa haholo tlhahisong ea likoloi le thepa ea ka tlung. Lialloy tsena li na le thepa e ntle ea ho sebetsa 'me li ka sehoa, tsa etsoa le ho tjheselletsoa habonolo, e leng se fang baqapi le baenjiniere sebaka se seholo sa moralo.
Letoto la 7XXX: Ho eketsoa ha zinki ho tlisa matla le ho thatafala ha di-alloy tsa aluminium sehlohlolong sa tsona, ho di dumella ho bapala karolo ya bohlokwa mafapheng a difofane le a sesole. Di-alloy tsena tsa aluminium tse matla haholo di bohlokwa haholo ditshebedisong tse hlokang tshebetso e feteletseng, jwalo ka difofane tse lebelo le phahameng le meaho ya mechini e jarwang haholo.
2.2 Puo ea boemo ba motsoako oa aluminium
Letšoao la boemo ba motsoako oa aluminium le tšoana le puo ea lekunutu, e hlalosang nalane ea kalafo ea mocheso le ts'ebetso ea thepa, e fana ka tataiso e nepahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso ea thepa:
Boemo ba F: boemo ba ts'ebetso ea mantlha, ntle le ho betla ho feteletseng, ho boloka litšobotsi tsa mantlha tsa thepa, e loketseng linako tseo litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso li seng holimo haholo.
Boemo ba O: Bonolo ka mora ho annealing, jwalo ka lesea le sa tswa tswalwa, bo nang le plasticity e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, bo loketse ditshebediso tse hlokang ho sebetswa ka botebo, jwalo ka ho kobeha, ho otlolla le ho bopa.
Boemo ba W: Botsofali ba tlhaho kamora kalafo ea tharollo, e leng phetoho ea phetoho ea ts'ebetso 'me e fana ka botsitso bo itseng ho thepa. E loketse lits'ebetso tse hlokang matla a itseng empa li sa batle ho ba thata haholo le ho robeha habonolo.
Boemo ba H: Ke mohlala oa ho thatafatsa mosebetsi. Maemo a fapaneng a kalafo ea ho thatafatsa a etsa hore thepa e be ea botho haholoanyane 'me e loketse lits'ebetso tse hlokang matla le ho thatafala ho itseng, joalo ka likarolo tse nepahetseng le likarolo tsa sebopeho.
Boemo ba T: Sephiri sa ho qetela sa kalafo ea mocheso, ka taolo e nepahetseng, se fihla sehlohlolong sa ts'ebetso ea thepa. E loketse liketsahalo tse nang le litlhoko tse phahameng haholo tsa ts'ebetso, joalo ka lifofane le lisebelisoa tsa sesole.
Ntlafatso ea theknoloji ea ho tjheseletsa alloy ea aluminium
Theknoloji ea ho tjheseletsa ka alloy ea aluminium ke borokho bo hokahanyang indasteri ea sejoale-joale. Ka lebaka la liphephetso tse kang libaka tse amehileng ke mocheso, masoba le ho fetoha ha lintho nakong ea ho tjheseletsa ka alloy ea aluminium, baenjiniere ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho batlisisa le ho ntlafatsa ho fihlela maemo a thata a indasteri le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso:
3.1 Bokgoni ba ho Welsha
Ho tjheseletsa ka TIG: Ho tjheseletsa ka khase e sa sebetseng ya tungsten, ka taolo ya yona e nepahetseng ya matla le diphetho tsa ho tjheseletsa ka boleng bo hodimo, e fetohile moemeli wa ho tjheseletsa ka maemo a hodimo. Mokgwa ona wa ho tjheseletsa o ka fana ka matla ka botsitso mochesong o phahameng, wa netefatsa matla le boleng ba manonyeletso a tjheseletsang, mme o sebediswa haholo masimong a batlang ho sebediswa ke difofane.
Ho tjheseletsa ha MIG: Ho qhibilihisa ho sirelelitsoeng ka khase e sa sebetseng hantle haholo, ka bokgoni ba yona bo sebetsang ba ho iketsetsa le ho ikamahanya le ho tjheseletsa ka poleiti e teteaneng, ho fetohile thuso e ntle tlhahisong ya diindasteri. Mokgwa ona wa ho tjheseletsa o fihlella tshebetso ya ho tjheseletsa e potlakileng le e tswelang pele ka ho fepa terata ya ho tjheseletsa e sa kgaotseng, mme o loketse tlhahiso ya bongata le mela e iketsang.
Ho tjheseletsa ka laser: Ho tjheseletsa ka laser, ka matla a yona a mangata le taolo e ntle ya ho tjheseletsa, ho fana ka tharollo e phethahetseng bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa dikarolo tse nepahetseng. Mokgwa ona wa ho tjheseletsa o ka fana ka matla a maholo sebakeng se senyenyane, wa fihlella ho tjheseletsa ka nepo le boleng bo hodimo, mme o loketse masimo a tlhahiso a nepahetseng jwalo ka disebediswa tsa elektroniki le tsa bongaka.
Libaka tsa tšebeliso ea li-alloy tsa aluminium
Tšebeliso ea motsoako oa aluminium e tšoana le setšoantšo se mebala-bala, se bontšitsoeng masimong a fapaneng a indasteri:
Indasteri ea lifofane: Thepa e bobebe le e matla ea li-alloy tsa aluminium e etsa hore e be tse ratoang haholo tlhahisong ea lifofane. Ho tloha lifofaneng tsa khoebo ho ea ho lifofane tsa ntoa tsa sesole, li-alloy tsa aluminium li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fokotseng boima ba sebopeho, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mafura le ho eketsa matla a foreimi ea moea.
Indasteri ea likoloi: Ha ho lelekoa tšebeliso e phahameng ea mafura le mesi e fokolang e hlahisoang ke moea, li-alloy tsa aluminium li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea likoloi. Ho tloha likarolong tsa enjene ho ea meahong ea 'mele, tšebeliso ea li-alloy tsa aluminium e thusa ho fokotsa boima ba koloi le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le polokeho.
Indasteri ea Kaho: Ho hanyetsa mafome le litšobotsi tse ntle tsa li-alloy tsa aluminium li etsa hore li ratoe haholo lefapheng la kaho. Ebang li sebelisoa e le liforeimi tsa mamati le lifensetere kapa litsamaiso tsa lebota la lesira, li-alloy tsa aluminium li fana ka tiisetso ea ts'ebetso ea nako e telele le ponahalo e ntle.
Indasteri ea elektroniki: Matla a matle a ho tsamaisa motlakase le ho qhala mocheso a motsoako oa aluminium a etsa hore o bapale karolo ea bohlokoa haholo lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Ho tloha mabokoseng a lifono tsa selefouno ho ea ho li-radiator tsa likhomphutha, metsoako ea aluminium e loketse ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea sesebelisoa le ts'epo.
Qetello
Motsoako oa aluminium o na le boemo bo ke keng ba nkeloa sebaka indastering ea sejoale-joale ka thepa ea eona e ikhethang le menyetla e mengata ea ts'ebeliso. Ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea ho tjheseletsa, bokhoni ba ts'ebeliso ea motsoako oa aluminium bo tla hlahlojoa le ho bonoa haholoanyane. Re labalabela hore motsoako oa aluminium o khanye haholoanyane nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea nakong e tlang le ho kenya letsoho haholoanyane tsoelo-peleng ea sechaba sa batho.