Zipangizo za aluminiyamu zapamwamba kwambiri: chisankho chosintha kwambiri poyambitsa kumanga mlatho

2024-04-18

Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo mwachangu komanso kufulumira kwa kukula kwa mizinda, milatho, monga gawo lofunika kwambiri pamayendedwe akumizinda, ikusintha nthawi zonse m'njira zawo zopangira ndi kumanga. Milatho yachitsulo yachikhalidwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zambiri komanso mtengo wake wotsika. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, mavuto monga dzimbiri ndi ndalama zambiri zokonzera zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono. Potengera izi, zipangizo zapamwamba za aluminiyamu zakhala chisankho chosintha kwambiri pakupanga milatho ndi zabwino zake zapadera.

Ubwino wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu

Ubwino wa kapangidwe kopepuka

Kuchuluka kwa aluminiyamu ndi pafupifupi 2.7 g/cm³, komwe ndi pafupifupi 1/3 ya chitsulo. Kodi katundu wopepuka uwu umatanthauza chiyani pakupanga ndi kumanga milatho? Choyamba, nyumba zopepuka za milatho zimatha kuchepetsa zofunikira pa maziko, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti milatho ikuluikulu imangidwe m'malo omwe ali ndi nyengo yoipa. Kachiwiri, nyumba zopepuka zimatha kuchepetsanso ndalama zoyendera ndi kukhazikitsa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri m'madera akutali kapena malo omwe ali ndi mwayi wochepa wolowera. Kuphatikiza apo, nyumba zopepuka zingathandizenso kukonza magwiridwe antchito a zivomerezi panthawi ya zivomerezi chifukwa kulemera kopepuka kumachepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimachitika pakagwa chivomerezi.

Kufunika kwa kukana dzimbiri

Zipangizo za aluminiyamu zitha kupanga filimu yokhuthala ya oxide m'chilengedwe. Filimu ya oxide iyi imatha kuletsa bwino kulowa kwa chinyezi ndi mpweya, motero kuteteza zinthuzo ku dzimbiri. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga milatho, chifukwa milatho nthawi zambiri imakumana ndi zinthu zakunja ndipo imafunika kupirira zinthu zakunja. Poyerekeza ndi milatho yachikhalidwe yachitsulo, milatho ya aluminiyamu sifunikira chithandizo chambiri choletsa dzimbiri, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zosamalira kwa nthawi yayitali komanso ntchito yogwira ntchito.

Kuphatikiza kwabwino kwa pulasitiki ndi kuthekera kogwirira ntchito

Zipangizo za aluminiyamu ndi zosavuta kutulutsa ndi kupanga, ndipo ma profiles okhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ovuta amatha kupangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wochulukirapo wopanga mlatho. Opanga mapulani amatha kupanga nyumba zokongola komanso zothandiza za mlatho ngati pakufunika kukwaniritsa zofunikira ziwiri za mizinda yamakono pakupanga malo ndi magwiridwe antchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wolumikizira ndi kulumikiza kwa aluminiyamu ukusinthanso nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kumanga milatho ya aluminiyamu ikhale yosavuta komanso yachangu.

Kapangidwe ka makina ndi ukadaulo wolumikizira wa aluminiyamu

Kuganizira mozama za makhalidwe a makina Ngakhale kuti aluminiyamu ali ndi modulus yotsika, mphamvu zawo zapadera (chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ndi kuchulukana) ndizofanana, kapena kuposa, chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mapangidwe a aluminiyamu amatha kukhala opepuka pamene akunyamula katundu womwewo. Nthawi yomweyo, makhalidwe a elasticity deformation a aluminiyamu akuyenera kuganiziridwa popanga, ndipo kuuma ndi mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake ziyenera kupangidwa moyenera kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake.

Kupanga Zinthu Zatsopano ndi Kupititsa Patsogolo Ukadaulo Wolumikizana

Ma aluminiyamu amatha kulumikizidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ma bolt connections, rivet connections ndi welded connections. Pofuna kuchepetsa dzimbiri la galvanic, ma rivets a aluminiyamu kapena ma bolts nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapangidwe a aluminiyamu. Nthawi yomweyo, ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wowotcherera, magwiridwe antchito a ma aluminiyamu a aluminiyamu nawonso asintha kwambiri. MIG welding (kusungunula gas inert welding) ndi TIG welding (tungsten inert gas welding) ndi njira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zowotcherera aluminiyamu zomwe zingapereke malo olumikizirana apamwamba omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba yomanga mlatho.

Kugwira ntchito kokhazikika kwa milatho ya aluminiyamu

Mfundo Zopangira Magwiridwe Okhazikika

Zigawo za aluminiyamu zitha kukhala ndi vuto la kupindika mbali ndi kusakhazikika kwa torsional zikapindika, zomwe zimafuna chisamaliro chapadera panthawi yopangira. Pofuna kukonza kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake, opanga amatha kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga kuwonjezera zothandizira zopingasa, kusintha mawonekedwe opingasa, kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira, ndi zina zotero. Njirazi zitha kukonza bwino kukhazikika kwa milatho ya aluminiyamu komanso yonse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe kake kali kotetezeka pansi pa katundu wosiyanasiyana.

Zitsanzo za mlatho wa aluminiyamu

Mlatho wa Oyenda Pansi wa Mtsinje wa Hangzhou Qingchun

Mlatho uwu umagwiritsa ntchito bokosi lopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, ndipo zinthu zazikulu za mlathowu ndi aluminiyamu ya 6082-T6. Mlathowu wa mamita 36.8 kutalika umalemera matani 11 okha, zomwe zikusonyeza ubwino wa kapangidwe kopepuka ka milatho ya aluminiyamu. Kapangidwe ka mlathowu sikuti kamangoganizira momwe zinthu zikuyendera, komanso kumaganizira bwino momwe zinthu zilili, kukhala malo okongola mumzindawu.

Shanghai Xujiahui Pedestrian Bridge

Mlatho woyenda pansi wa Shanghai Xujiahui wopangidwa ndi Tongji University wapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ya 6061-T6, yokhala ndi kutalika kwa mamita 23, m'lifupi mamita 6, kulemera kwake kosatha kwa 150kN kokha, komanso kulemera kwake kwakukulu kwa 50t. Kumangidwa mwachangu ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mlathowu kukuwonetsa momwe milatho ya aluminiyamu m'mizinda yamakono imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito bwino.

Beishi Xidan Pedestrian Bridge

Kapangidwe ka aluminiyamu ka mlatho wa Xidan Pedestrian ku Bei City kanamangidwa ndi kampani yothandizidwa ndi mayiko akunja, ndipo mawonekedwe akuluakulu a aluminiyamu ndi 6082-T6. Kutalika konse kwa malo akuluakulu ndi 38.1m, m'lifupi bwino la denga la mlatho ndi 8m, ndipo kutalika konse ndi 84m. Mlathowu unapangidwa poganizira za chitonthozo ndi chitetezo cha oyenda pansi. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za aluminiyamu kumapatsanso mlathowo nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera.

Mapeto

Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapamwamba za aluminiyamu pomanga milatho sikuti kumangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi kulimba kwa milatho, komanso kumabweretsa mwayi wochulukirapo pakupanga milatho. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zinthu ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo womanga, milatho ya aluminiyamu ikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakumanga milatho mtsogolo ndikukhala ulalo wofunikira wolumikiza mizinda yamakono.