Zvinhu zvealuminium alloy zvepamusoro-soro: sarudzo itsva yekuvaka bhiriji

2024-04-18

Nekukura kuri kuita sainzi netekinoroji nekukurumidza uye kukurumidza kwekukura kwemaguta, mabhiriji, sechikamu chakakosha chekufambisa muguta, ari kuramba achivandudza magadzirirwo awo nenzira dzekuvaka. Mabhiriji esimbi echinyakare anoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwesimba rawo guru uye mutengo wakaderera. Zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva, matambudziko akadai sekuora uye mari yakawanda yekugadzirisa anoonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvichienderana neizvi, zvinhu zvealuminium alloy zvepamusoro-soro zvave sarudzo inochinja-chinja mumunda wekuvaka mabhiriji nezvakanaka zvawo zvakasiyana.

Zvakanakira zvinhu zvealuminium alloy

Mabhenefiti ekugadzira zvinhu zvidiki

Kuwanda kwearuminiyamu alloy kunosvika 2.7 g/cm³, inova 1/3 chete yesimbi. Iyi pfuma yakareruka inorevei pakugadzira nekuvaka mabhiriji? Chekutanga, zvivakwa zvebhiriji zvakareruka zvinogona kuderedza zvinodiwa zvenheyo, zvichibvumira mabhiriji makuru kuvakwa munzvimbo dzisina mamiriro epasi. Chechipiri, zvivakwa zvakareruka zvinogonawo kuderedza mari yekufambisa nekuisa, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru munzvimbo dziri kure kana nzvimbo dzisina mukana wekupinda. Pamusoro pezvo, zvivakwa zvakareruka zvinogonawo kubatsira kuvandudza mashandiro ekudengenyeka kwenyika panguva yekudengenyeka kwenyika nekuti huremu hwakareruka hunoderedza simba remagetsi pasi pekudengenyeka kwenyika.

Kukosha kwekudzivirira ngura

Zvinhu zvealuminium alloy zvinogona kugadzira firimu re dense oxide munzvimbo yechisikigo. Iyi firimu yeoxide inogona kudzivirira kupinda kwehunyoro neokisijeni, nokudaro ichidzivirira zvinhu kubva mukuora. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru pakuvaka mabhiriji, sezvo mabhiriji anowanzo sangana nemamiriro ekunze uye achida kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze. Kana tichienzanisa nemabhiriji esimbi echinyakare, mabhiriji ealuminium alloy haadi kurapwa kwekudzivirira ngura kakawanda, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mari yekuchengetedza kwenguva refu nebasa.

Musanganiswa wakakwana wepurasitiki uye kugona kushandiswa

Zvinhu zvealuminium alloy zviri nyore kubvisa nekugadzira, uye ma profiles ane zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaoma anogona kugadzirwa, izvo zvinopa mikana yakawanda yekugadzira bhiriji. Vagadziri vanogona kugadzira zvivakwa zvebhiriji zvakanaka uye zvinoshanda sezvinodiwa kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa zviviri zvemaguta emazuva ano zvekutarisa mamiriro enzvimbo uye mashandiro. Pamusoro pezvo, kubatanidza nekubatanidza aluminium alloy kuri kuramba kuchivandudzwa, zvichiita kuti kuvaka mabhiriji ealuminium alloy kuve nyore uye nekukurumidza.

Hunhu hwemakanika uye tekinoroji yekubatanidza yearuminiyamu alloys

Kunyatsoongorora hunhu hwemakanika Kunyangwe alloys dzearuminiyamu dziine modulus yakaderera, simba radzo chairo (chiyero chesimba nedensity) rakafanana, kana kuti rakatopfuura, simbi ine simba guru. Izvi zvinoreva kuti maumbirwo earuminiyamu anogona kureruka painenge yakatakura mutoro mumwe chete. Panguva imwe chete, hunhu hwe elastic deformation hwealloys dzearuminiyamu hunofanirwa kufungwa nezvahwo panguva yekugadzira, uye kuomarara nesimba rechivakwa chinofanira kugadzirwa zvine musoro kuti chive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa uye kugadzikana kwechivakwa.

Kuvandudzwa uye Kuvandudzwa kweTekinoroji dzeKubatanidza

Aluminium alloys inogona kubatanidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kubatanidza mabhoti, kubatanidza ma rivet uye kubatanidza ma weld. Kuti kuderedze ngura yegalvanic, aluminum rivets kana mabhoti anowanzo shandiswa mu aluminium alloy structures. Panguva imwe chete, nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji ye welding, mashandiro e welding ealuminum alloys akavandudzwawo zvakanyanya. MIG welding (melting inert gas welding) uye TIG welding (tungsten inert gas welding) inzira mbiri dzinowanzoshandiswa dze aluminium alloy welding dzinogona kupa majoini emhando yepamusoro anosangana nemazinga epamusoro ekuvaka bhiriji.

Kushanda kwakagadzikana kwemabhiriji ealuminium alloy

Mapoinzi Ekugadzira Maitiro Akagadzikana

Zvikamu zvealuminium alloy zvinogona kukanganiswa nekukombama kwedivi uye kusagadzikana kwekutenderera kana zvichikombama, izvo zvinoda kutariswa zvakanyanya panguva yekugadzira. Kuti vagadzirise kugadzikana kwechivakwa, vagadziri vanogona kutora matanho akasiyana-siyana, akadai sekuwedzera rutsigiro rwakatambanuka, kuchinja chimiro chemuchinjikwa, kushandisa stiffeners, nezvimwewo. Matanho aya anogona kuvandudza kugadzikana kwenzvimbo uye kwese kwemabhiriji ealuminium alloy uye kuona kuchengetedzeka kwechivakwa pasi pemitoro yakasiyana-siyana.

Mienzaniso yebhiriji realuminium alloy

Bhiriji reVafambi reHangzhou Qingchun Road

Bhiriji iri rinoshandisa bhokisi resimbi rakagadzirwa nearuminiyamu, uye chinhu chikuru chebhiriji isimbi yealuminium ine 6082-T6. Bhiriji iri rine urefu hwemamita 36.8 rinorema matani gumi nerimwe chete, zvichiratidza mabhenefiti ekugadzirwa kwemabhiriji esimbi asina kureruka. Dhizaini yebhiriji haingotarise mashandiro aro chete, asiwo inofunga nezvekubatana kwaro nenzvimbo yakapoteredza, zvichiita kuti rive nzvimbo yakanaka muguta.

Shanghai Xujiahui Pedestrian Bridge

Bhiriji rekufamba netsoka reShanghai Xujiahui rakagadzirwa neTongji University rakagadzirwa nealuminium alloy ye6061-T6, ine hurefu hwemamita makumi maviri nematatu, upamhi hwemamita matanhatu, huremu hwayo husingasviki 150kN chete, uye uremu hwepamusoro hwematani makumi mashanu. Kugadzirwa nekukurumidza uye kushandiswa kwebhiriji iri kunoratidza kushanda uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemabhiriji ealuminium alloy mumaguta emazuva ano.

Beishi Xidan Pedestrian Bridge

Chivako chesimbi yealuminium chakavakwa neXidan Pedestrian Bridge muBei City chakavakwa nekambani inotsigirwa nemari yekunze kwenyika, uye chimiro chikuru chesimbi yealuminium i6082-T6. Hurefu hwese hwesimbi huru i38.1m, upamhi hwakajeka hwedhirowa rebhiriji i8m, uye hurefu hwese i84m. Bhiriji rakagadzirwa nepfungwa yekunyaradzwa kwevanofamba netsoka uye kuchengetedzeka. Panguva imwe chete, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvesimbi yealuminium kunoitawo kuti bhiriji rive nenguva yakareba yekushanda uye mari shoma yekugadzirisa.

Mhedziso

Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvealuminium alloy mukuvaka mabhiriji hakungogadzirisi mashandiro echivakwa uye kugara kwenguva refu kwemabhiriji chete, asiwo kunounza mikana yakawanda yekugadzira mabhiriji. Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi yezvinhu uye kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekuvaka, mabhiriji ealuminium alloy anotarisirwa kutamba basa rakakosha mukuvaka mabhiriji mune ramangwana uye kuve chinobatanidza chakakosha maguta emazuva ano.