Kugenzura neza uburyo bwo gushongesha no gucukura aluminiyumu: isesengura ryimbitse ry’ikoreshwa rya aluminiyumu ya 6063.

Kugenzura imiterere y’aluminiyumu ni ingenzi mu kwemeza imikorere y’ibikoresho. Mu ikorwa rya aluminiyumu ya 6063, uretse kugenzura ingano y’ibintu by’ingenzi bya aluminiyumu, nk’ikigereranyo cya manyeziyumu na silikoni, ibintu by’umwanda nk’icyuma, umuringa, manganese, nibindi nabyo bigomba kugenzurwa neza. Nubwo ibi bintu bigira ingaruka nke ku miterere y’aluminiyumu mu rugero ruto, iyo birengeje urugero runaka, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere ya mekanike no ku kudakira kw’ibintu. Cyane cyane zinc, niba ingano yayo irenze 0.05%, hagaragara utudomo tw’umweru ku buso bw’imiterere nyuma yo gushonga, bityo kugenzura ingano ya zinc ni ingenzi cyane.

Imiterere y'imiti ya aluminiyumu ya 6063 ishingiye ku gipimo cya GB/T5237-93, kirimo ahanini silikoni ya 0.2-0.6%, manyesiyumu ya 0.45-0.9% na icyuma kigera kuri 0.35%. Iyi aluminiyumu ni aluminiyumu ikomeye ishobora kuvurwa n'ubushyuhe, kandi igice cyayo cy'ingenzi cyo kuyikomeza ni Mg2Si. Mu gihe cyo kuyihagarika, ingano y'umuti ukomeye wa Mg2Si ni yo igena imbaraga za nyuma z'iyi aluminiyumu. Ubushyuhe bwa eutectic ni 595°C. Muri iki gihe, ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gushonga bwa Mg2Si ni 1.85%, bugabanuka bukagera kuri 1.05% kuri 500°C. Ibi bigaragaza ko kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya ari ingenzi ku mbaraga z'iyi aluminiyumu. Byongeye kandi, igipimo cya manyesiyumu na silikoni muri aluminiyumu bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku gushonga gukomeye kwa Mg2Si. Kugira ngo ubone aluminiyumu ikomeye cyane, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko igipimo cya Mg:Si kiri munsi ya 1.73.

Gushonga ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu gukora inkoni nziza zo mu bwoko bwa cast. Ubushyuhe bwo gushonga bwa aluminiyumu ya 6063 bugomba kugenzurwa neza hagati ya 750-760°C. Ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane buzatuma habaho ibintu bivanze n'amazi, mu gihe ubushyuhe bwinshi buzongera ibyago byo kwinjiza hydrogen, oxidation na nitriding. Gushonga kwa hydrogen muri aluminiyumu y'amazi bizamuka cyane hejuru ya 760°C. Kubwibyo, kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gushonga ni ingenzi mu kugabanya kwinjiza hydrogen. Byongeye kandi, guhitamo flux no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya nabyo ni ingenzi. Uduce turi ku isoko muri iki gihe twiganjemo chloride na fluoride. Utu duce tworoshye kwinjiza ubushuhe. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho fatizo bigomba kuguma byumye mu gihe cyo gukora, bigafungwa kandi bigapfunyikwa kandi bikabikwa neza. Gutunganya ifu ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo gutunganya aluminiyumu ya 6063. Binyuze muri ubu buryo, icyuma gitunganya gishobora gukorana neza n'amazi ya aluminiyumu kugira ngo kirusheho kugira akamaro. Igitutu cya azote gikoreshwa mu gutunganya ifu kigomba kuba gito uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo kigabanye ibyago byo kwinjiza hydrogen no kuyikuramo.

Gutera ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu kumenya ubwiza bw'inkoni zikozwe mu byuma. Ubushyuhe bukwiye bwo gutera bushobora kwirinda ko habaho inenge zo gutera. Ku mazi ya aluminiyumu 6063 yahinduwe umuti wo gutunganya ibinyampeke, ubushyuhe bwo gutera bushobora kongerwa kugeza kuri 720-740°C. Ubu bushyuhe butuma aluminiyumu y'amazi itemba kandi igakomera mu gihe bigabanya ibyago byo kumera nk'imyenge n'ibinyampeke bikomeye. Mu gihe cyo gutera, guhindagurika no kuzunguruka kw'amazi ya aluminiyumu bigomba kwirindwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko firime ya okiside yacika no gukora ibintu bivanze n'ibinyampeke. Byongeye kandi, kuyungurura amazi ya aluminiyumu ni uburyo bwiza bwo gukuraho ibinyampeke bitari ibyuma. Hagomba gukorwa ibishoboka byose kugira ngo igishishwa cy'amazi ya aluminiyumu gikurweho mbere yo kuyayungurura kugira ngo habeho uburyohe bworoshye bwo kuyayungurura.

Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe ni inzira y'ingenzi yo gutunganya ubushyuhe kugira ngo haveho ubushyuhe bukabije mu gusuka no kudahuza kw'ibinyabutabire mu binyabutabire. Kudahuza neza bizatuma habaho ubushyuhe n'ubusumbane bw'ibinyabutabire hagati y'ibinyabutabire. Ibi bibazo bizagira ingaruka ku iterambere ryiza ry'uburyo bwo gusohora, ndetse n'imiterere ya mekanike n'imiterere yo gutunganya ubuso bw'ibinyabutabire bya nyuma. Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe butuma ibintu bya aluminiyumu bikwirakwira mu mbibi z'ibinyabutabire bijya mu binyabutabire binyuze mu kugumana ubushyuhe ku bushyuhe bwinshi, bityo bikagera ku buryo bumwe bw'ibinyabutabire mu binyabutabire. Ingano y'ibinyabutabire igira ingaruka zikomeye ku gihe cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe. Uko ibinyabutabire birushaho kuba bito, niko igihe cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe kigabanuka. Kugira ngo hagabanywe ikiguzi cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe, ingamba nko gutunganya ibinyabutabire no kunoza uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibinyabutabire bishyuha.

Gukora aluminiyumu ya 6063 ni inzira igoye ikubiyemo kugenzura neza imiterere yayo, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gushongesha no gushushanya, no gutunganya neza ibintu bifitanye isano. Mu gusuzuma no kugenzura neza ibi bintu by'ingenzi, inkoni zo gushushanya aluminiyumu nziza zishobora gukorwa, bigatanga urufatiro rukomeye rw'ibikoresho byo gukora imiterere ikurikira. Hamwe n'iterambere rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga no kunoza imikorere, gukora aluminiyumu bizarushaho kuba byiza kandi bitangiza ibidukikije, bitanga umusanzu munini mu iterambere ry'inganda zigezweho.