Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lweenkqubo zokunyibilikisa kunye nokuphosa i-aluminium alloy: uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwentshayelelo ye-aluminium alloy ye-6063.

Ulawulo lokwakheka kwee-alloy ze-aluminium lubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwezinto. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-alloy ye-aluminium engu-6063, ukongeza ekulawuleni umxholo wezinto eziphambili ze-alloy, njengomlinganiselo we-magnesium kunye ne-silicon, izinto ezingcolileyo ezifana nesinyithi, ubhedu, i-manganese, njl. nazo kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo. Nangona ezi zinto zingenampembelelo ingako kwiimpawu ze-alloy kwimilinganiselo embalwa, xa zidlule umda othile, ziya kuchaphazela kakhulu iimpawu zoomatshini kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwezinto. Ingakumbi i-zinc, ukuba umxholo wayo udlula i-0.05%, amabala amhlophe aya kuvela kumphezulu weprofayili emva kwe-oxidation, ngoko ke ulawulo lomxholo we-zinc lubaluleke kakhulu.

Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali lwe-aluminium alloy ye-6063 lusekelwe kumgangatho we-GB/T5237-93, oquka ikakhulu i-silicon eyi-0.2-0.6%, i-magnesium eyi-0.45-0.9% kunye ne-iron efikelela kwi-0.35%. Le ngxube yi-aluminium alloy eyomeleziweyo enokunyangeka ngobushushu, kwaye isigaba sayo esiphambili sokuqinisa yi-Mg2Si. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucima, ubungakanani besisombululo esiqinileyo i-Mg2Si bumisela amandla okugqibela engxube. Ubushushu obuphezulu yi-595°C. Ngeli xesha, ukunyibilika okuphezulu kwe-Mg2Si yi-1.85%, ehla iye kwi-1.05% kwi-500°C. Oku kubonisa ukuba ulawulo lobushushu bokucima lubalulekile kumandla engxube. Ukongeza, umlinganiselo we-magnesium kwi-silicon kwingxube unempembelelo enkulu ekunyibilikeni okuqinileyo kwe-Mg2Si. Ukuze ufumane ingxube enamandla aphezulu, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba umlinganiselo we-Mg:Si ungaphantsi kwe-1.73.

Ukunyibilikisa yinyathelo eliphambili lenkqubo yokuvelisa iintonga ezisemgangathweni ophezulu. Ubushushu bokunyibilikisa be-aluminium alloy ye-6063 kufuneka bulawulwe ngokungqongqo phakathi kwe-750-760°C. Ubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu buya kukhokelela ekudalweni kwezinto ezifakwe kwi-slag, ngelixa ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu buya kwandisa umngcipheko wokufunxwa kwe-hydrogen, i-oxidation kunye ne-nitriding. Ukunyibilika kwe-hydrogen kwi-aluminium engamanzi kunyuka kakhulu ngaphezu kwe-760°C. Ke ngoko, ukulawula ubushushu bokunyibilikisa ngundoqo ekunciphiseni ukufunxwa kwe-hydrogen. Ukongeza, ukukhetha i-flux kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokucokisa nako kubalulekile. Iiflux ezikhoyo ngoku zithengiswa ikakhulu yi-chloride kunye ne-fluoride. Ezi flux zifunxa lula umswakama. Ke ngoko, izinto eziluhlaza kufuneka zigcinwe zomile ngexesha lokuveliswa, zivaliwe kwaye zipakishwe kwaye zigcinwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukucocwa kwe-powder spray okwangoku yeyona ndlela iphambili yokucocwa kwe-aluminium alloy ye-6063. Ngale ndlela, iarhente yokucokisa inokunxibelelana ngokupheleleyo nolwelo lwe-aluminium ukuze iphumelele kakhulu. Uxinzelelo lwe-nitrogen olusetyenziswa ekucocweni kwe-powder kufuneka lube phantsi kangangoko ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-oxidation kunye nokufunxwa kwe-hydrogen.

Ukuphosa linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekumiseleni umgangatho weentonga eziphosiweyo. Ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokuphosa bunokuthintela ukwenzeka kweziphene zokuphosa. Kwi-6063 aluminiyamu alloy liquid eye yaphathwa ngokucoca ingqolowa, ubushushu bokuphosa bunokwandiswa ngokufanelekileyo ukuya kwi-720-740°C. Olu luhlu lobushushu lunceda ukuhamba kunye nokuqina kwe-aluminium engamanzi ngelixa kunciphisa umngcipheko weembobo kunye neenkozo ezirhabaxa. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphosa, kufuneka kuthintelwe ukuxinana kunye nokuqengqeleka kolwelo lwe-aluminium ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwefilimu ye-oxide kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezifakwe kwi-slag. Ukongeza, ukuhluza ulwelo lwe-aluminium yindlela esebenzayo yokususa i-slag engeyiyo yesinyithi. Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba umphezulu wolwelo lwe-aluminium ususiwe ngaphambi kokuhluzwa ukuqinisekisa ukuhluzwa okuthambileyo.

Unyango lwe-homogenization yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yonyango lobushushu ukuze kupheliswe uxinzelelo lokuphosa kunye nokungalingani kokwakheka kweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kweenkozo. Ukungalingani kwekristale kuya kukhokelela kuxinzelelo lokuphosa kunye nokungalingani kokwakheka kweekhemikhali phakathi kweenkozo. Ezi ngxaki ziya kuchaphazela inkqubela ethe tye yenkqubo yokukhupha, kunye neempawu zoomatshini kunye neempawu zonyango lomphezulu wemveliso yokugqibela. Unyango lwe-homogenization lukhuthaza ukusasazwa kwezinto ze-aluminium alloy ukusuka kwimida yeenkozo ukuya kwiinkozo ngokugcina ubushushu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa ukuhambelana kokwakheka kweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kweenkozo. Ubungakanani beenkozo bunempembelelo enkulu kwixesha lonyango lwe-homogenization. Okukhona iinkozo zicolile, kokukhona ixesha le-homogenization lifutshane. Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zonyango lwe-homogenization, amanyathelo anjengokucoca iinkozo kunye nokwenza ngcono ulawulo lokwahlulwa kwe-furnace yokufudumeza anokuthathwa.

Ukuveliswa kwe-aluminium alloy engu-6063 yinkqubo enzima equka ulawulo olungqongqo lokwakheka, iteknoloji yokunyibilikisa nokulungisa izinto ngendlela ephucukileyo, kunye nokucutshungulwa okubalulekileyo kwe-homogenization. Ngokuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo nokulawula ezi zinto zibalulekileyo, iintonga ze-aluminium alloy ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinokuveliswa, zibonelela ngesiseko esiqinileyo sezinto ezisetyenziswayo kwimveliso elandelayo yeprofayili. Ngokuphucuka kwesayensi netekhnoloji kunye nokwenza ngcono iinkqubo, ukuveliswa kwe-aluminium alloys kuya kuba ngcono kwaye kube nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kube negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lweshishini lanamhlanje.