Ukulawulwa okuhle kwezinqubo zokuncibilikisa nokukhipha i-aluminium alloy: ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwesingeniso se-aluminium alloy esingu-6063.

Ukulawulwa kokwakheka kwama-alloy e-aluminium kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezinto. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-alloy ye-aluminium engu-6063, ngaphezu kokulawula okuqukethwe kwezinto eziyinhloko ze-alloy, njengesilinganiso se-magnesium ne-silicon, izinto ezingcolile ezifana ne-iron, ithusi, i-manganese, njll. nazo zidinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile. Nakuba lezi zinto zinomthelela omncane ezimpahleni ze-alloy ngamanani amancane, uma sezidlule umkhawulo othile, zizothinta kakhulu izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwezinto. Ikakhulukazi i-zinc, uma okuqukethwe kwayo kudlula u-0.05%, kuzovela amabala amhlophe ebusweni bephrofayili ngemuva kokushiswa kwe-oxidation, ngakho-ke ukulawula okuqukethwe kwe-zinc kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-aluminium alloy engu-6063 kusekelwe ku-GB/T5237-93 standard, ehlanganisa kakhulu i-silicon engu-0.2-0.6%, i-magnesium engu-0.45-0.9% kanye ne-iron efika ku-0.35%. Le ngxube iyi-aluminium alloy eqiniswe ukushisa elapheka, futhi isigaba sayo esiyinhloko sokuqinisa yi-Mg2Si. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokucima, inani lesisombululo esiqinile i-Mg2Si linquma amandla okugcina engxube. Izinga lokushisa elingasebenzi kahle lingu-595°C. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuncibilika okuphezulu kwe-Mg2Si kungu-1.85%, okwehla ku-1.05% ku-500°C. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokucima kubalulekile emandleni engxube. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso se-magnesium ne-silicon kungxube sinomthelela omkhulu ekuncibilikeni okuqinile kwe-Mg2Si. Ukuze uthole ingxube enamandla aphezulu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isilinganiso se-Mg:Si singaphansi kuka-1.73.

Ukuncibilikisa kuyisinyathelo esiyinhloko senqubo yokukhiqiza izinduku ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa le-aluminium alloy engu-6063 kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile phakathi kuka-750-760°C. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lizoholela ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezifakwayo ze-slag, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lizokwandisa ingozi yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen, i-oxidation kanye ne-nitriding. Ukuncibilika kwe-hydrogen ku-aluminium ewuketshezi kukhuphuka kakhulu ngaphezu kuka-760°C. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa kuyisihluthulelo sokunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-hydrogen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhethwa kwe-flux kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa nakho kubalulekile. Ama-flux asemakethe njengamanje ikakhulukazi yi-chloride ne-fluoride. Lawa ma-flux amunca kalula umswakama. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokusetshenziswa kumele zigcinwe zomile ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa, zivalwe futhi zipakishwe futhi zigcinwe kahle. Ukuncibilikisa i-powder spray njengamanje kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuncibilikisa i-aluminium alloy engu-6063. Ngale ndlela, i-refine agent ingaxhumana ngokugcwele noketshezi lwe-aluminium ukuze ikhulise ukusebenza kwayo. Ingcindezi ye-nitrogen esetshenziswa ekuncibilikiseni i-powder kufanele ibe phansi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokuncibilikisa i-hydrogen kanye nokumuncwa kwayo.

Ukuphotha kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekunqumeni ikhwalithi yezinduku eziphothayo. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokuphotha lingagwema ukwenzeka kweziphambeko zokuphotha. Kuketshezi lwe-aluminium alloy lwe-6063 oluye lwaphathwa ngokulungiswa kokusanhlamvu, izinga lokushisa lokuphotha lingakhushulwa ngokufanele liye ku-720-740°C. Leli banga lokushisa lihambisana nokugeleza nokuqina kwe-aluminium ewuketshezi ngenkathi kunciphisa ingozi yama-pores kanye nokusanhlamvu okuqinile. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphotha, ukuxokozela nokugoqa koketshezi lwe-aluminium kufanele kugwenywe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhekeka kwefilimu ye-oxide kanye nokukhiqizwa kokufakwa kwe-slag. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlunga uketshezi lwe-aluminium kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokususa i-slag engeyona eyensimbi. Kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-scum engaphezulu koketshezi lwe-aluminium isusiwe ngaphambi kokuhlunga ukuqinisekisa ukuhluzwa okubushelelezi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-homogenization kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokwelapha ukushisa ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kokuphonswa kanye nokungalingani kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwezinhlayiya. Ukukristala okungalingani kuzoholela ekucindezelekeni kokuphonswa kanye nokungalingani kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwezinhlayiya. Lezi zinkinga zizothinta inqubekela phambili ebushelelezi yenqubo yokukhipha, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini kanye nezakhiwo zokwelashwa kobuso bomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukwelashwa kwe-homogenization kukhuthaza ukusabalala kwezinto ze-aluminium alloy kusuka emingceleni yokusanhlamvu kuya ezinhlayiya ngokugcina ukushisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukulingana kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwezinhlayiya. Ubukhulu bezinhlayiya bunomthelela omkhulu esikhathini sokwelashwa kwe-homogenization. Uma okusanhlamvu kuncane, isikhathi se-homogenization siba sifushane. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokwelashwa kwe-homogenization, kungathathwa izinyathelo ezifana nokulungiswa kokusanhlamvu kanye nokwenza ngcono ukulawula ukuhlukaniswa kwesithando sokushisa.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium alloy engu-6063 kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela ukulawulwa okuqinile kokwakheka, ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa nokukhipha obuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokucutshungulwa okubalulekile kwe-homogenization. Ngokucabanga nokulawula ngokuphelele lezi zici ezibalulekile, izinduku zokubumba ze-aluminium alloy ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingakhiqizwa, zinikeze isisekelo esiqinile sezinto zokwakha zokukhiqiza iphrofayili elandelayo. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono izinqubo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium alloys kuzoba ngcono futhi kube nobungane nemvelo, kube negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yanamuhla.